Appendix 1 Survey Methodology

Survey Methodology

(I) Telephone Survey

Survey Population

Chinese permanent residents at the age of 6 or above who have residence fixed-line telephones (including home phones and dormitory telephones) or mobile phones.

Sample Scale

The samples in the survey cover 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in Chinese mainland, excluding Chinese Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

Division of Survey Population

The survey population can be divided into three categories:

  • Subpopulation A: Survey subpopulation using residence fixed-line telephones (including residents with home phones, students with dormitory telephones, and other users with dormitory telephones).
  • Subpopulation B: Survey subpopulation with mobile phones.
  • Subpopulation C: Survey subpopulation with both residence fixed-line telephones and mobile phones (there is an overlap between subpopulation A and subpopulation B, and the overlapped part is subpopulation C), C = A ∩ B.

Sampling Method

CNNIC surveys subpopulation A, B and C. Double sampling is adopted for the survey so as to cover as many Internet users as possible. The first sampling frame is subpopulation A, the people with residence fixed-line telephones. The second sampling frame is subpopulation B, the people with mobile phones.

For the survey population with fixed-line telephones, stratified two-stage sampling is adopted. To ensure the sufficient representativeness of samples, the whole country is divided into 31 tiers according to province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government and the sampling is made independently at each tier.

The self-weighted sampling method is adopted for each province. The sample sizes for each district, city and prefecture (including the governed districts and counties) are allocated in accordance with the proportion of the people at the age of 6 or above covered by residence fixed-line telephones in the local area compared to the total covered population in the whole province.

Sampling in subpopulation B is similar to that in subpopulation A. The whole country is divided into 31 tiers according to province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government, and sampling is made independently in each tier. Samples are allocated in accordance with the proportion of the residents in each district or city, in order to make the sample allocation in each province conform to the self-weighting method.

To ensure the telephones are taken with almost the same probability in each district, city or prefecture, that is, the local bureau number with more telephones will more likely be taken, and to make the phone visit more feasible, the telephone numbers in each district, city and prefecture are taken according to the following procedures:

For mobile phone user groups, all the mobile bureau numbers in each district, city and prefecture are sampled; a certain quantity of 4-digit random numbers are generated according to the valid sample size in each district, city or prefecture, and then combined with the mobile bureau numbers in each district, city or prefecture to form a number library (local bureau number + the random 4-digit number); randomly order the number library; dial and visit the randomly ordered number library. Survey of the subpopulation with fixed-line telephones is similar to that of the subpopulation with mobile phones: a random number is generated and combined with the local bureau number to form a telephone number, and then such number is dialed and visited. To avoid repeated sampling, only residence fixed-line telephones are visited.

According to the latest population attribute structure published by provincial statistical bureaus, we use the method of multi-variable joint weighting to estimate the size of netizens. The data published by statistical bureaus are annual census data projections or annual population sample survey projections. Such data are used in this report as the basis for adjusting the weights of the semi-annual survey data, ignoring the differences between survey periods.

Sampling Error

Based on the design, analysis and calculation of sampling, 0.66 percentage point is the estimated maximum allowable absolute error of the proportional target quantity (e.g. the Internet penetration rate) among the individual netizen survey results, when the confidence is 95%. From this, we can deduce the error range of estimating other kinds of target quantities, such as the scale of netizens.

Survey Method

The Computer-assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) system is adopted for the survey.

Differences between Survey Population and Targeted Population

A study for the subpopulation who are not covered by telephones, conducted by CNNIC at the end of 2005, shows those Internet users are very few in this subpopulation. Currently, the subpopulation is downsizing gradually with the development of China’s telecom industry. In this survey, there is an assumption, i.e., Internet users who are not covered by fixed-line telephones or mobile phones are negligible.

(II) Statistical Data Reporting

Number of IP Addresses

The data of IP addresses counted by province come from the IP address databases of Asia-Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC) and CNNIC. Registered data in each database, that can be distinguished by the province which the addresses belong to, can be added respectively by province to generate data of each province. As address allocation is a dynamic process, the statistical data are only for reference. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as the national competent department for IP addresses, also requires IP address allocation organizations to report the quantity of IP addresses they own semiannually. To ensure the accuracy of IP data, CNNIC will compare and verify APNIC statistical data with the reported data to confirm the final quantity of IP addresses.

Number of Domain Names

The numbers of domain names under .CN and .中国, which are registered globally, are derived from CNNIC database, while those under gTLD, New gTLD, .CO, .TV, .CC, .ME, .HK, and .PW are provided by domestic domain name registration units.

Definitions of Terms in the Report

Internet Users or Netizens: Chinese residents at the age of 6 or above who have used the Internet in the past 6 months.

Mobile Internet Users: Internet users who have used mobile phones to access and surf the Internet in the past 6 months.

Computer Internet Users: Internet users who have used computers to access and surf the Internet in the past 6 months.

Rural Internet Users: Internet users who have been living in rural areas of China in the past 6 months.

Urban Internet Users: Internet users who have been living in urban areas of China in the past 6 months.

IP Address: As the basic resource on the Internet, the IP address functions to identify computers, servers and other devices connected to the Internet. Connection with the Internet can be realized only when an IP address (in any form) is acquired.

Website: It refers to a web site with a domain name itself or WWW.+domain name. Such domain names include those, which are registered under China’s ccTLDs, namely .CN and .中国, or gTLDs, and whose registrants are within the territory of China. For example, the domain name of CNNIC.CN has only one website and the corresponding web address is CNNIC.CN or WWW.CNNIC.CN. Other web addresses with such domain name as the suffix, like WHOIS.CNNIC.CN and MAIL.CNNIC.CN, are regarded as different channels of the website.

Scope of Survey: Unless otherwise expressly indicated, data in this Report only refer to Chinese mainland, excluding Chinese Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

Deadline of Survey Data: The deadline of the statistical survey data is Dec 31, 2024.

Data Explanation: Most of the data in this Report are approximate values after rounding and retaining significant digits.

Appendix 2 Attached Tables of Basic Internet Resources

Table 1 Number of IPv4 Addresses

RegionNumber of AddressesEquivalence
Chinese mainland 343,162,368 20A+116B+62C
Hong Kong 13,165,824 200B+229C
Macau 337,664 5B+39C
Taiwan 35,720,704 2A+33B+14C

Data sources: APNIC and CNNIC.

Table 2 Allocation of IPv4 Addresses among Organizations

Organization NameNumber of AddressesEquivalence
China Telecom 125,763,328 7A+126B+255C
China Unicom 69,866,7521 4A+42B+21C
IP Address Allocation Alliance of CNNIC 62,957,3122 3A+192B+133C
China Mobile 35,294,208 2A+26B+140C
China Education and Research Network 16,649,984 254B+16C
China Mobile Tietong 15,796,2243 241B+8C
Others 16,834,5604 256B+224C
Total 343,162,368 20A+116B+62C

Data sources: APNIC and CNNIC.

1 The addresses of China Unicom include the addresses of former China Unicom and former China Netcom. Specifically, the IPv4 addresses 6,316,032 (96B+96C) of former China Unicom are assigned by CNNIC.

2 As a national Internet registry (NIR) approved by APNIC and national competent authorities in China, CNNIC has organized ISPs, enterprises and public institutions of certain size in China to set up IP Address Allocation Alliance. So far, the total number of IPv4 addresses held by the members of IP Address Allocation Alliance is 85.07 million, equivalent to 5.1A. The IPv4 addresses of the IP Address Allocation Alliance listed in the above table do not include those IPv4 addresses already assigned to former China Unicom and China Mobile Tietong.

3 The IPv4 addresses of China Mobile Tietong are assigned by CNNIC.

4 Others refer to enterprises and institutions that apply for IPv4 addresses directly from APNIC.

5 The deadline for the above statistical data is December 2024.

Table 3 Number of IPv6 Addresses (unit: /321)

RegionNumber of Addresses
Chinese mainland 64,469
Hong Kong 2,056
Macau 9
Taiwan 2,614

Data sources: APNIC and CNNIC.

1 /32 as shown in the IPv6 address tables is a method to present IPv6 addresses, and the corresponding number of addresses is 2(128-32) = 296.

Table 4 Allocation of IPv6 Addresses among Organizations

Organization NameNumber of Addresses
IP Address Allocation Alliance of CNNIC 26,7622
China Telecom 16,387
China Education and Research Network 10,258
China Unicom 4,097
China Mobile 4,097
China Mobile Tietong 2,0493
Others 8194
Total 64,469

Data sources: APNIC and CNNIC.

2 At present, the number of IPv6 addresses held by the members of IP Address Allocation Alliance of CNNIC is 28,811 /32. The IPv6 addresses held by the members of IP Address Allocation Alliance listed in the above table do not include those IPv6 addresses already assigned to China Mobile Tietong.

3 The IPv6 addresses of China Mobile Tietong are assigned by CNNIC.

4 Others refer to enterprises and institutions that apply for IPv6 addresses directly from APNIC.

5 The deadline for the above statistical data is December 2024.

Table 5 Proportion of IPv4 Addresses in Each Province / Autonomous Region / Municipality Directly under the Central Government

Province / Autonomous Region / Municipality Directly under the Central GovernmentProportion
Beijing 25.19%
Guangdong 9.43%
Zhejiang 6.39%
Shandong 4.83%
Jiangsu 4.70%
Shanghai 4.47%
Liaoning 3.29%
Hebei 2.81%
Sichuan 2.74%
Henan 2.60%
Hubei 2.37%
Hunan 2.33%
Fujian 1.92%
Jiangxi 1.71%
Chongqing 1.66%
Anhui 1.63%
Shaanxi 1.61%
Guangxi 1.36%
Shanxi 1.26%
Jilin 1.20%
Heilongjiang 1.19%
Tianjin 1.04%
Yunan 0.96%
Inner Mongolia 0.77%
Xinjiang 0.60%
Gansu 0.47%
Hainan 0.47%
Guizhou 0.44%
Ningxia 0.27%
Qinghai 0.17%
Tibet 0.13%
Others 10.00%
Total 100.00%

Data sources: APNIC and CNNIC.

1 The above statistics are made on the basis of the location of the IP address owners.

2 Others refer to countries or regions other than the Chinese mainland.

3 The deadline for the above statistical data is December 2024.

Table 6 Number of Domain Names in Each Province / Autonomous Region / Municipality Directly under the Central Government

Province / Autonomous Region / Municipality Directly under the Central GovernmentTotal Domain Names (Number).CN Domain Names (Number).中国 Domain Names (Number)
Guangdong 5,867,925 3,811,083 12,709
Beijing 5,628,085 4,293,391 22,284
Jiangsu 2,554,092 1,672,943 7,096
Shandong 2,115,087 1,492,433 26,906
Guizhou 1,835,476 1,701,178 3,142
Shanghai 1,400,422 708,818 5,961
Zhejiang 1,289,777 479,433 6,287
Fujian 1,191,971 506,890 6,273
Sichuan 1,167,824 574,405 10,259
Henan 1,142,273 677,941 3,798
Hunan 945,607 477,990 2,412
Hubei 873,554 500,445 2,708
Hebei 796,968 437,929 4,866
Jiangxi 752,260 334,631 1,300
Anhui 709,502 353,319 3,145
Guangxi 693,258 399,520 1,353
Liaoning 505,556 318,462 5,300
Shaanxi 501,494 217,763 7,343
Chongqing 477,795 258,553 4,425
Shanxi 420,700 288,710 1,789
Yunnan 349,017 177,579 4,037
Heilongjiang 271,589 173,416 1,778
Tianjin 206,216 65,836 1,080
Hainan 198,655 118,135 783
Gansu 195,650 144,402 1,299
Jilin 193,027 110,571 1,314
Inner Mongolia 140,849 87,154 1,364
Xinjiang 72,745 37,933 844
Ningxia 59,918 41,286 495
Qinghai 20,868 13,119 447
Tibet 9,981 3,211 558
Others 431,764 344,558 11,910
Total 33,019,905 20,823,037 165,265

Data sources: CNNIC.

1 Others refer to countries or regions other than the Chinese mainland, or the location of domain name registrants can not be identified.

2 The deadline for the above statistical data is December 2024.

Table 7 Web Pages by Suffix Format

Suffix FormatProportion
html 52.16%
/ 23.51%
php 6.26%
htm 4.17%
shtml 3.52%
aspx 2.08%
asp 1.19%
jsp 0.33%
others 6.78%
total 100.00%

Data sources: Baidu Online Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

1 The deadline for the above statistical data is December 2024.

Table 1 Number of Pages in Each Province / Autonomous Region / Municipality Directly under the Central Government

Province / Autonomous Region / Municipality Directly under the Central GovernmentTotal Number of Pages after De-duplicationStatic PagesDynamic PagesStatic to Dynamic Ratio
Beijing 147,908,977,298 94,914,065,504 52,994,911,794 1.79
Guangdong 50,913,227,535 34,858,277,666 16,054,949,869 2.17
Zhejiang 47,902,592,373 34,512,446,177 13,390,146,196 2.58
Shanghai 28,046,456,310 20,662,636,816 7,383,819,494 2.80
Henan 23,208,462,769 18,373,491,889 4,834,970,880 3.80
Jiangsu 17,519,637,809 10,876,401,751 6,643,236,058 1.64
Hebei 15,455,212,497 11,597,358,079 3,857,854,418 3.01
Fujian 12,508,342,811 9,752,938,031 2,755,404,780 3.54
Shandong 7,839,479,604 5,300,637,435 2,538,842,169 2.09
Sichuan 6,722,771,657 4,610,464,822 2,112,306,835 2.18
Tianjin 6,571,555,177 4,337,223,139 2,234,332,038 1.94
Shanxi 4,517,093,474 3,470,526,690 1,046,566,784 3.32
Liaoning 3,684,777,564 2,750,011,295 934,766,269 2.94
Hubei 3,433,809,970 2,212,718,061 1,221,091,909 1.81
Anhui 3,272,982,552 2,522,144,915 750,837,637 3.36
Jiangxi 3,062,693,480 2,507,347,267 555,346,213 4.51
Guangxi 2,868,504,531 2,175,279,364 693,225,167 3.14
Hunan 2,315,759,604 1,663,134,557 652,625,047 2.55
Heilongjiang 2,153,714,684 1,771,585,454 382,129,230 4.64
Jilin 2,138,190,189 1,510,694,358 627,495,831 2.41
Shaanxi 2,084,023,878 1,234,180,473 849,843,405 1.45
Hainan 1,918,699,860 1,546,434,341 372,265,519 4.15
Yunnan 1,887,272,314 1,300,450,693 586,821,621 2.22
Chongqing 635,055,567 404,311,368 230,744,199 1.75
Inner Mongolia 255,866,336 132,060,097 123,806,239 1.07
Gansu 217,002,872 111,989,842 105,013,030 1.07
Guizhou 152,070,877 105,833,655 46,237,222 2.29
Xinjiang 100,142,165 54,429,452 45,712,713 1.19
Qinghai 37,992,853 26,778,691 11,214,162 2.39
Ningxia 22,772,919 17,744,310 5,028,609 3.53
Tibet 9,487,255 8,128,707 1,358,548 5.98
China 399,364,628,784 275,321,724,899 124,042,903,885 2.22

Data sources: Baidu Online Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

1 The deadline for the above statistical data is December 2024.

Table 2 Number of Web Page Bytes in Each Province / Autonomous Region / Municipality Directly under the Central Government

Province / Autonomous Region / Municipality Directly under the Central GovernmentTotal Web Page SizeAverage Web Page Size (KB)
Beijing 14,351,318,593,813 97.03
Zhejiang 4,072,607,676,483 85.02
Guangdong 3,905,733,479,873 76.71
Shanghai 3,115,361,937,546 111.08
Henan 1,689,507,982,040 72.80
Hebei 1,567,312,446,223 101.41
Jiangsu 1,253,125,101,881 71.53
Shanxi 947,616,313,130 209.78
Fujian 836,938,197,459 66.91
Shandong 599,681,193,984 76.50
Tianjin 482,056,382,301 73.35
Sichuan 359,761,604,994 53.51
Hubei 194,625,885,610 56.68
Liaoning 180,000,497,725 48.85
Heilongjiang 168,992,976,471 78.47
Anhui 163,334,543,236 49.90
Guangxi 157,800,400,891 55.01
Jiangxi 154,446,686,842 50.43
Hunan 153,225,445,886 66.17
Shaanxi 116,881,643,115 56.08
Yunnan 96,572,361,216 51.17
Jilin 90,364,974,497 42.26
Hainan 69,201,329,040 36.07
Chongqing 43,569,527,693 68.61
Gansu 19,117,965,821 88.10
Inner Mongolia 16,843,034,885 65.83
Guizhou 7,385,089,403 48.56
Xinjiang 4,846,413,914 48.40
Qinghai 3,343,252,775 88.00
Ningxia 804,212,472 35.31
Tibet 289,857,370 30.55
China 34,822,667,008,589 87.20

Data sources: Baidu Online Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

1 The deadline for the above statistical data is December 2024.

Table 3 Status of Internet Access

IndexJune 2024 (%)December 2024 (%)
Proportion of Individuals Using the Internet 91.5 92.01
Proportion of Households Having Internet Access 100 100
Percentage of Individuals Owning a Mobile Phone 99.2 99.12

1 Individuals Using the Internet is one of the important indicators used by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to measure the development of informatization in various countries and regions. Considering the common practice of countries in filing this indicator, and taking into account China's personal Internet usage, this data is calculated based on the proportion of individuals using the Internet in China.

2 Measured by the inference coefficient of market share of each operator and the number of de-duplicated natural users of Unicom.

3 The deadline for the above statistical data is December 2024.

Appendix 3 Supporting Organizations

We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to the following organizations that have supported the collection of data in this report. (Not listed in any particular order)

  • Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
  • Cyberspace Administration of China
  • National Bureau of Statistics
  • Central Committee of the Communist Young League
  • China Organizational Name Administration Center
  • China Academy of Information and Communications Technology
  • Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Network Center of China Education and Research Network
  • China Economic Information Service
  • China Mobile
  • China Telecom
  • China Unicom
  • Beijing Ucap Information Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Baidu Online Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
  • Tencent Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing Micro Dream Network Technology Co., Ltd. (Micro-blog)
  • Beijing ByteDance Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
  • Alibaba Cloud Computing Co., Ltd.
  • Bangning Shuzi Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing Oriental Wangjing Information Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing Guoke Cloud Computing Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing Guoxu Network Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing Huaruidns Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing Wanweitonggang Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing Wangzun Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing Xinnet.com Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing ZW.cn Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing BrandCloud.cn Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing Zhuoyueshengming Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Beijing Zihai Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Chengdu Feishu Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Chengdu 51web.com Co., Ltd.
  • Chengdu West Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Daqing dqzc.com Co., Ltd.
  • Doumai (Shanghai) Network Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Foshan Yidong Network Co., Ltd.
  • Fuzhou Zhongxu Network Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Guangdong HUYI Internet & IP Services Co., Ltd.
  • Guangdong Jinwanbang Technology Investment Co., Ltd.
  • Guangdong Now.cn Co., Ltd.
  • Guangzhou Mingyang Information Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Guangzhou DNSpod Information Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Guizhou Zhongyuzhike Network Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Hangzhou 22.cn Network Co., Ltd.
  • Hangzhou E-commerce Connection Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Hefei Juming Network Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Hefei Xunyun Network Technology Co., Ltd.
  • ZDNS Beijing Co., Ltd.
  • Trademark Domain Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Makeyubiao Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
  • Xiamen Nawang Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Xiamen 35.Com Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Xiamen ZZY.cn Co., Ltd.
  • Xiamen eName Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Xiamen Zhong.Top Network Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Shangzhong Online Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Shanghai Oray Co., Ltd.
  • Shanghai Fuhu Information Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Shanghai CNDNS.com Co., Ltd.
  • Shanghai Yovole Network Co., Ltd.
  • Shenzhen Vanguard of Interconnection Co., Ltd.
  • Shenzhen Webnet.com Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Shenzhen EIMS Information Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Sichuan Yuqu Network Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Tianjin Zhuiri Technology Development Co., Ltd.
  • Vantage of Convergence (Chengdu) Co., Ltd.
  • WangJu Brands Management Co., Ltd.
  • Xi’an Qianxinet Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Yantai DNSpod Network Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Yunan Landui Cloud Computing Co., Ltd.
  • Zhejiang 22net Inc.
  • Zhengzhou Shanglv Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Zhengzhou Shijichuanglian E-Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Grow Force Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Knet Registrar (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.

We have also received great support from other organizations, which are not listed above, in the process of compiling and revising this report. We extend our sincere thanks to them all!

The copyright of this report belongs to China Internet Network Information Centre (CNNIC).
If quoted or reproduced, please indicate the source.

For cooperation needs, please call 010-59116603 (Ms. Hao) / 010-59116606 (Ms. Meng).